Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.

Industrial sectors

There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction, and manufacturing; the tertiary sector, which deals with services (such as law and medicine) and distribution of manufactured goods; and the quaternary sector, a relatively new type of knowledge industry focusing on technological research, design and development such as computer programming, and biochemistry. A fifth, ''quinary'', sector has been proposed encompassing nonprofit activities. The economy is also broadly separated into public sector and private sector, with industry generally categorized as private. Industries are also any business or manufacturing. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials,size and ownership.

Raw Materials: Industries may be agriculture based, Marine based, Mineral based, Forest based.

Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.

Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint sector and co-operative sector

Industry in the sense of manufacturing became a key sector of production and labour in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution, which upset previous mercantile and feudal economies through many successive rapid advances in technology, such as the steel and coal production. It is aided by technological advances, and has continued to develop into new types and sectors to this day. Industrial countries then assumed a capitalist economic policy. Railroads and steam-powered ships began speedily establishing links with previously unreachable world markets, enabling private companies to develop to then-unheard of size and wealth. Following the Industrial Revolution, perhaps a third of the world's economic output is derived from manufacturing industries—more than agriculture's share.

Many developed countries and many developing/semi-developed countries (People's Republic of China, India etc.) depend significantly on industry. Industries, the countries they reside in, and the economies of those countries are interlinked in a complex web of interdependence.

Industry is divided into four sectors. They are:

!Sector	!Definition
Primary	This involves the extraction of resources directly from the Earth, this includes farming, mining and logging. They do not process the products at all. They send it off to factories to make a profit.
Secondary	This group is involved in the processing products from primary industries. This includes all factories—those that refine metals, produce furniture, or pack farm products such as meat.
Tertiary	This group is involved in the provision of services. They include teachers, managers and other service providers.
Quaternary	This group is involved in the research of science and technology. They include scientists.

As a country develops people move away from the primary sector to secondary and then to tertiary.

There are many other different kinds of industries, and often organized into different classes or sectors by a variety of industrial classifications.

Industry classification systems used by the government commonly divide industry into three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and services. The primary sector of industry is agriculture, mining and raw material extraction. The secondary sector of industry is manufacturing. The tertiary sector of industry is service production. Sometimes, one talks about a quaternary sector of industry, consisting of intellectual services such as research and development (R&D).

Market-based classification systems such as the Global Industry Classification Standard and the Industry Classification Benchmark are used in finance and market research. These classification systems commonly divide industries according to similar functions and markets and identify businesses producing related products.

Industries can also be identified by product: chemical industry, petroleum industry, automotive industry, electronic industry, meatpacking industry, hospitality industry, food industry, fish industry, software industry, paper industry, entertainment industry, semiconductor industry, cultural industry, poverty industry

labor-intensive industry - capital-intensive industry

light industry - heavy industry

Proto-industry

Industrial development

The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for large-scale production, with consequent changes in society. Originally the factories were steam-powered, but later transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized assembly line was introduced to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion, with individual workers performing specific steps during the process. This led to significant increases in efficiency, lowering the cost of the end process. Later automation was increasingly used to replace human operators. This process has accelerated with the development of the computer and the robot.

Declining industries

Historically certain manufacturing industries have gone into a decline due to various economic factors, including the development of replacement technology or the loss of competitive advantage. An example of the former is the decline in carriage manufacturing when the automobile was mass-produced.

A recent trend has been the migration of prosperous, industrialized nations toward a post-industrial society. This is manifested by an increase in the service sector at the expense of manufacturing, and the development of an information-based economy, the so-called informational revolution. In a post-industrial society, manufacturing is relocated to economically more favourable locations through a process of off-shoring.

The major difficulty for people looking to measure manufacturing industries outputs and economic effect is finding a measurement which is stable historically. Traditionally, success has been measured in the number of jobs created. The lowering of employee numbers in the manufacturing sector has been assumed to be caused by a decline in the competitiveness of the sector. The truth however is that it has been caused by the introduction of the lean manufacturing process. Eventually, this will lead to competing product lines being managed by one of two people, as is already the case in the cigarette manufacturing industry.

Related to this change is the upgrading of the quality of the produce being manufactured. While it is easy to produce a low tech, low skill product, the ability to manufacture high quality products is limited to companies with a high skilled staff.

Society

An industrial society can be defined in many ways. Today, industry is an important part of most societies and nations. A government must have some kind of industrial policy, regulating industrial placement, industrial pollution, financing and industrial labor.

Industrial labour

In an industrial society, industry employs a major part of the population. This occurs typically in the manufacturing sector. A labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts with employers. This movement first rose among industrial workers.

War

The industrial revolution changed warfare, with mass-produced weaponry and supplies, machine-powered transportation, mobilization, the total war concept and weapons of mass destruction. Early instances of industrial warfare were the Crimean War and the American Civil War, but its full potential showed during the world wars. See also military-industrial complex, arms industry, military industry and modern warfare.

ISIC

ISIC (Rev.4) stands for International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities, the most complete and systematic industrial classification made by United Nations Statistics Division.

ISIC Rev.4 is a standard classification of economic activities arranged so that entities can be classified according to the activity they carry out. The categories of ISIC at the most detailed level (classes) are delineated according to what is, in most countries, the customary combination of activities described in statistical units, and considers the relative importance of the activities included in these classes.

While ISIC Rev.4 continues to use criteria such as input, output and use of the products produced, more emphasis has been given to the character of the production process in defining and delineating ISIC classes.

List of countries by industrial output

+Industrial output in 2010 (Nominal)	! Rank	! Country	! Output in billions of US$
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+Industrial output in 2010 (PPP)	! Rank	! Country	! Output in billions of US$
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See also

North American Industry Classification System

North American Product Classification System

Standard Industrial Classification

Industry information

References

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Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	Tinchy Stryder
background	solo_singer
birth name	Kwasi Danquah
birth date	September 14, 1986
origin	Bow, Greater London, United Kingdom
genre	Grime, hip hop, dance, R&B
occupation	Rapper, Producer, Artist manager, Agent, Music video director,Creative director
years active	1997-present
label	Takeover Roc Nation &Takeover Entertainment Ltd,Island (UK)
associated acts	Jay-ZRuff Sqwad
website
number one singles	Number 1 }}

Kwasi Danquah ( ; born September 14, 1986), better known by his pseudonyms Tinchy Stryder and Star In The Hood, is a British rapper, record executive, A&R executive, and entrepreneur. He is also the co-founder and co-chief executive officer (CEO) of Takeover Roc Nation.

Tinchy Stryder rose to popularity with the song "Take Me Back" which peaked at number 3 on the UK Singles Chart in January 2009. He then released the song "Number 1", (a collaboration with N-Dubz) which entered the UK chart at number 1 on 26 April 2009. Stryder later released "Never Leave You" with Amelle Berrabah from girl-group Sugababes which became Stryder's second number 1.

Tinchy Stryder has opened other ventures since the beginning of his success. He founded and is the creator of the clothing line Star In The Hood. He is also the President and chief executive of Takeover/Cloud 9 (Music Publishing company through EMI Music Publishing), based in London, and he currently serves as the Chairman & A&R executive of Takeover Entertainment Ltd (Music management company).

Biography

1997–2005: Education and career beginnings

Stryder is a Black British rapper of Ghanaian descent from Bow, East London and attended St Bonaventure's Catholic Comprehensive School in Forest Gate, Newham; he gained a B.A. (Hons) in Digital arts, Moving image and Animation at the University of East London.

Stryder started at the age of 14 on pirate radio sets in East London with other MCs such as Wiley and Dizzee Rascal. His pseudonym Tinchy Stryder derives from the arcade game ''Strider'' which he played when he was young and from the nickname "Tinchy" given to him due to his short stature: his height at 5'3" (1.55m) making him the shortest male artist ever to top the UK Top 40.

Stryder made a number of appearances on Sky's Channel AKA and BBC Radio 1Xtra taking part in freestyles, sometimes joined by his rap crew, (Ruff Sqwad). He was also part of a line-up at The O2 arena 3D ELEKTRO race that included Caspa and Rusko, Frankmusik, High Contrast and Dancing Robot Music. Stryder was part of well-known grime crew Roll Deep for a while, featuring on some songs including "U Were Always", which was released years later on Roll Deep's compilations album, ''Street Anthems''.

2006-2008: ''Star in the Hood''

The debut album by Stryder, ''Star in the Hood'', was released on 13 August 2007 on Takeover Entertainment Ltd. The album spawned two main singles, "Breakaway" and "Something about your Smile". Bonus track "Mainstream Money" was also released as an underground single.

Since 2006, Stryder's career has been managed by Takeover Entertainment Ltd, comprising Archie Lamb and Jack Foster. Archie Lamb's father is Liberal Democrat MP, Norman Lamb, who has invested in Stryder's career.

2008-2010: Mainstream Success and ''Catch 22''

Stryder began a significant partnership with producer/songwriter Fraser T Smith whom he originally contacted through MySpace and then met while supporting Kano on tour. According to Smith in an interview with HitQuarters, "Tinchy had no shortage of beats and cool sounding production, but I think he wanted to try and break through into the mainstream, and I had some experience crossing urban over into pop having worked with artists like Kano and Craig David."

His next single, called "Stryderman" was released and became his first single to chart in the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 73. The song was the first single taken from his second album ''Catch 22''. The second single, "Take Me Back" entered the official UK Singles Chart at 39 on downloads alone, one day before its official release. The following week the single moved up 36 places to peak position 3.

On 26 April 2009, Stryder's next single, a collaboration with N-Dubz titled "Number 1" topped the UK Singles Chart giving Stryder and N-Dubz their first number one single. Stryder's fourth single from ''Catch 22'', titled "Never Leave You", featuring Amelle Berrabah of the Sugababes, was released on 3 August 2009 with the album following on 17 August. "Never Leave You" went straight to Number 1 on the week of its release. Catch 22 debuted at Number 2 on the UK albums chart, only beaten by Calvin Harris. The fifth single from ''Catch 22'' is "You're Not Alone" which was released in November 2009 and samples the Olive song of the same name. Stryder's 6th single from the album was "Spotlight", which featured vocals from Tanya Lacey.

He took part in a cover track of The Killers' "All These Things That I've Done", which was named I Got Soul, along with many other acts including Chipmunk, N-Dubz and Pixie Lott, to raise money for War Child charity. The single was released on 19 October 2009 and peaked at number 10 in the Official UK Charts and 19 in the Irish Singles Chart.

As part of Stryder's headline tour with Example and JME in February 2010, he paid respects to his Norfolk promoters Takeover Entertainment Ltd, at a sell-out gig at Norwich's UEA. Stryder opened on the pyramid stage at Glastonbury Festival on Saturday 27 June 2010. He also performed at the O2 Arena for the Transformation Trust's first birthday alongside The Saturdays and X Factor finalist Stacey Solomon.

2010-2011: ''Third Strike'' and Takeover Roc Nation

Stryder's third album, ''Third Strike'' was released on November 15, 2010. ''Third Strike'' failed to make the same impact on the charts as his previous release ''Catch 22''. Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter and Roc Nation have signed a lucrative joint venture deal with Stryders’s management company, Takeover Entertainment Ltd, comprising Archie Lamb and Jack Foster. Archie Lamb's father is Liberal Democrat MP, Norman Lamb, who has invested in Stryder's career. The new leg of the company is called Takeover Roc Nation.

2011-Present: 4th Studio Album

The first single from this forthcoming album is "Spaceship" and it features Dappy from N-Dubz. Stryder performed at the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final in support of his new single. This also made him the first rapper in the world to perform in a UEFA Champions League final.

Awards and nominations

{| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ceremony ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Category ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Nominated work ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Result ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref |- |rowspan="3"|2008 |rowspan="2"|Urban Music Awards |Best Newcomer | — | |rowspan="2"| |- |Best Video |"Stryderman" | |- |rowspan="1"|MOBO Awards |Best Video |"Stryderman" | |rowspan="1"|

Other

''Cloud 9: The EP (2008)

''Star in the Hood EP Vol. 1'' (2009)

''Star in the Hood EP Vol. 2'' (2009)

''III EP'' (2010)

References

External links

Tinchy Stryder at MTV

Tinchy Stryder talks through Jay-Z business deal collected news and commentary at ''BBC News''

MistaJam in conversation with Tinchy Stryder - MUSICIANS' MASTERCLASS 2011 collected video and commentary at ''BBC''

Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the University of East London Category:Grime artists Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom Category:Black British people Category:British people of Ghanaian descent Category:British rappers Category:Ghanaian rappers Category:Pseudonymous rappers Category:British music industry executives Category:A&R people Category:Hip hop record producers Category:British record producers Category:British music video directors Category:British music managers Category:British talent agents Category:Businesspeople in fashion Category:British businesspeople in retailing Category:People from Bow, London Category:Musicians from London Category:People from Accra Category:1986 births

cy:Tinchy Stryder da:Tinchy Stryder de:Tinchy Stryder es:Tinchy Stryder it:Tinchy Stryder pl:Tinchy Stryder fi:Tinchy Stryder th:ทินชี สไตรเดอร์

Kartar Singh (born 7 October 1953) is a Indian wrestler who won gold medals at the Asian Games in 1978 and 1986.

Life

Kartar Singh was born in Sur Singh village of the present-day Tarn Taran district in Punjab. He won gold medals in the 1978 Asian Games held in Bangkok and the 1986 Asian Games held in Seoul. He won a silver medal in the 1982 Asian Games held in Delhi. He won a bronze medal in the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton and a silver medal in the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane. Later he moved his residence to Jalandhar, where he worked as Superintendent of Police and as District Director Sports

Awards and honors

In 1982 he received the Arjuna award and in 1987 he received the Padma Shri. Many times he won the Gold Medals in the Veterans World Championships held in Columbia in 1992, Toronto in 1993, Martiony (Switzerland) in 1997 and Bodex (France) in 1998.

References

Category:Indian wrestlers Category:Asian Games gold medallists for India Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Punjab (India) Category:Olympic wrestlers of India Category:1953 births Category:People from Tarn Taran Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India

cs:Kartar Dhillon Singh